Due to varying geographical distribution of specific pollen allergens as well as local dietary habits, geographical diversities in sensitizations patterns between patients suffering from food allergies occur. The prevalence of food allergy increased during the last decades affecting 3–4% of the adult population and 5% of children. On the other hand, the consumption of tomatoes can provoke allergic reactions attributed to the presence of various allergenic proteins.
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Due to its high content of lycopene and ß-carotene, acting as antioxidants and free radical scavenger, tomato is beneficial to health decreasing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) is the most commonly grown and consumed vegetable worldwide. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This work was supported by Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE) ( ) “FaVOR-DeNonDe: Drying, Juices and Jams of Organic Fruit and Vegetables: What happens to Desired and Non-Desired compounds?” (project number 14OE008).Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received: MaAccepted: Published: June 14, 2018Ĭopyright: © 2018 Kurze et al. PLoS ONE 13(6):Įditor: Hsin-Chih Lai, Chang Gung University, TAIWAN These findings could extend the knowledge about the allergen level of different tomato varieties and may help to improve food safety to potentially increase the life quality of patients suffering from birch pollen allergy.Ĭitation: Kurze E, Lo Scalzo R, Campanelli G, Schwab W (2018) Effect of tomato variety, cultivation, climate and processing on Sola l 4, an allergen from Solanum lycopersicum. Growing conditions have a minor effect whereas seasonal effects show a more pronounced impact. During the drying process of tomatoes Sola l 4 level was significantly reduced due to thermal instability. Overall, the Sola l 4 content is cultivar-dependent and no correlation between color and Sola l 4 amount was found. The thermal instability was verified for the recombinant Sola l 4 emphasizing the results for the native protein in dried tomato samples. Drying of tomatoes in the oven and by sun resulted in a significant decrease. The tomato cultivars Rugantino and Rhianna showed the significantly lowest level, whereas in cultivars Farbini and Bambello the significantly highest concentration was determined. Within 23 varieties, Sola l 4 content varied significantly between 0.24 and 1.71 μg Sola l 4/g FW. In addition, two varieties, both cultivated either conventionally or organically and furthermore dried with different methods, were analyzed to investigate the influence of the cultivation method and processing techniques on Sola l 4 level. Therefore, an indirect competitive ELISA using a specific polyclonal Sola l 4 antibody was developed. The aim of this study was to quantify Sola l 4 in various tomatoes differing in color, size and shape for identification of varieties with a reduced allergen level.
Due to highly similar protein structures of the tomato allergen Sola l 4 and the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, patients cross-react with allergenic proteins from tomato as well as other fruits or vegetables. However, tomato allergies in patients suffering from birch pollen allergy occur frequently. Iridium quality is now possible when using Deluxe Fertilizer.Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum) are one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide. The ambiguous status of the tomato - fruit or vegetable - is the subject of Demetrius' Six Hearts event. The Tomato may be randomly requested in Summer at the "Help Wanted" board outside Pierre's General Store for a reward of 180g and 150 Friendship points. The Tomato Shirt is seemingly a Mix Between Robin and Demetrius' shirts, with the left side being Robin and the right side being Demetrius. It can also be used as a red dye in the dye pots, located at Emily's and Haley's house, 2 Willow Lane. Tomato is used in the spool of the Sewing Machine to create the Tomato Shirt.
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